Heat Stroke: Life-Saving Actions Recommended by Experts

[Article initialement publié le 25 juin 2024]

Heat waves are more and more frequent and intense with climate change. A worrying phenomenon that accompanies this increase in temperatures is heat stroke, a potentially fatal medical emergency. Understanding what a heat stroke is, knowing how to identify the symptoms and knowing the gestures that can save lives are essential to deal with this danger.

What is a heat stroke?

A heat stroke, or hyperthermia, occurs when the body no longer manages to regulate its internal temperature. The body temperature can then exceed 40 ° C. This failure of the thermoregulation system can be due to prolonged exposure to hot weather or intense physical effort. There are mainly two types of heat strokes: the classic heat stroke and the exercise heat stroke.

The classic heat stroke generally occurs during heat waves. It mainly affects the elderly, children and individuals with chronic diseases. In these cases, the body is exposed to a high temperature over an extended period without adequate means of refreshing.

The heat stroke of exercise occurs during intense physical activities. This often concerns young people and athletes. Physical effort, combined with warm and humid environmental conditions, can quickly cause body overheating.

Identify the symptoms of the heat stroke

Quickly recognizing a heat stroke can save lives. The main signs are a body temperature exceeding 40 ° C, warm and dry skin, as well as confusion, agitation or loss of consciousness. Other common symptoms are severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, acceleration of heart rate and rapid and superficial breathing.

People with a classic heat stroke can also feel dizziness, muscle weakness and extreme fatigue. They are often unable to move or cool off by themselves. On the other hand, victims of a heat stroke of exercise may have muscle cramps and abundant perspiration (at least in the first phases).

The gestures that save

Faced with this situation, a rapid reaction is essential. Immediately call for help by dialing 15 or 18 (or the local emergency number). If possible, bring the victim to a cool and shaded place. Use wet towels, fans or cold water baths to lower the body temperature. Focus on the areas where large blood vessels pass: armpits, necks and groin.

If the person is aware and can drink, give him fresh but not icy water. Avoid sugary or alcoholic drinks. Stay with the victim until help arrives. Monitor his breathing and his state of consciousness carefully.

According to Météo Framce, the scenario of a warmer quarter than normal is most likely for France this summer. It is therefore crucial that you are aware of the actions to be taken.

Heat stroke: Reduce risks

Prevention remains the best defense. To minimize risks, it is crucial to hydrate regularly, especially in hot weather or during physical exercises. Wearing loose and clear clothes helps maintain a lower body temperature. Favor physical activities early in the morning or in the evening, when temperatures are cooler.

Spend as much time as possible in fresh, shade or air -conditioned places, especially during heat waves. Using foggers, fans and taking fresh showers can also help lower your body temperature.

Some populations, such as the elderly, children, sportsmen and outdoor workers, are particularly vulnerable to heat strokes. Make sure they remain well hydrated, spend time in fresh environments and monitor them regularly to detect signs of dehydration or heat stroke.

Exterior athletes and workers must take frequent breaks in the shade, drink regularly and wear appropriate clothes. It is crucial to listen to your body and stop immediately if signs of overheating appear.

The rise in temperatures makes the heat stroke an increasingly present danger, but it is possible to prevent it and react effectively by knowing the right gestures. By applying these tips and remaining vigilant, we can better protect ourselves and protect those around us.

Source: Croix-rouge.fr